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Connected Vehicles’ Security from the Perspective of the In-Vehicle Network

January 4, 2023/in Publikasi /by Informatika

Connected Vehicles’ Security from the Perspective of the In-Vehicle Network

by Xiangxue Li, Yu Yu, Guannan Sun, Kefei Chen

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

Connected vehicles are generally equipped with many (dozens of, or even hundreds of) electronic and intelligent devices so that drivers can gain a more comfortable driving experience. Despite their numerous benefits, these technological developments have also created serious safety/security concerns. This article recapitulates the diversified attack surfaces of connected vehicles related to the technological developments from the perspective of the in-vehicle network. For each of the attacks, we discuss the rationale and the concrete methods presented in the literature. In particular, we illustrate how to launch successful attacks through the controlled area network (CAN) bus, electronic control units (ECUs), and in-vehicle infotainment system. The article also suggests some feasible solutions to the attacks demonstrated by the community. Considering the fact that vehicles are safety- critical, more practical and effective steps should be taken within the connected vehicle network toward securing connected vehicles and protecting drivers and passengers.

Connected vehicles, while enhancing the driving experience through advanced technology, also highlight the importance of robust auto repair practices, particularly when it comes to addressing safety concerns. With the complexity of these vehicles increasing, having access to specialized automotive diagnostics is essential for identifying vulnerabilities and ensuring optimal performance. This is where RUSH Diesel comes into play, offering expertise in both traditional auto repair and the latest diagnostics tailored for diesel engines. Their trained technicians are equipped to handle the unique challenges posed by connected systems, allowing for timely interventions that can prevent more significant issues from arising down the road.

Furthermore, regular maintenance and repair are crucial in mitigating the risks associated with the sophisticated electronic systems found in connected vehicles. When technicians conduct thorough inspections, they can pinpoint potential weaknesses within the in-vehicle networks, such as the CAN bus and electronic control units. By prioritizing auto repair that emphasizes both mechanical and electronic systems, we can enhance the security of these vehicles while ensuring that drivers and passengers remain safe. Investing in quality repair services not only helps in maintaining vehicle functionality but also contributes to the overall security framework necessary in the era of connected vehicles. This dual focus on performance and safety is essential for fostering trust in automotive technology and its future advancements.

In parallel, the realm of classic car dealerships faces its own digital challenges amidst the evolving landscape of automotive technology. Websites like classiccarsforsale.pro cater to enthusiasts seeking vintage automobiles, offering a blend of nostalgia and mechanical craftsmanship. However, as digital interfaces become integral to even classic car trading, cybersecurity becomes equally paramount. As the automotive industry navigates the complexities of cybersecurity, both modern and classic sectors must adapt to safeguard the integrity and safety of their vehicles and operations alike.

Just as robust encryption protocols are vital for protecting data transmitted within the vehicle network, investing in quality physical security measures, including robust locks and alarm systems, is crucial for deterring theft and unauthorized access to the vehicle itself. Moreover, the importance of durable and reliable accessories like leather seat covers cannot be overstated, as they not only enhance the comfort and aesthetics of the vehicle but also serve as an added layer of protection for the seats, shielding them from wear and tear over time.

In this holistic approach to vehicle security, every aspect, from the digital infrastructure to the physical components, plays a pivotal role in ensuring the safety and well-being of drivers and passengers alike. By addressing vulnerabilities both within the in-vehicle network and in the physical realm, manufacturers and security experts can work together to fortify connected vehicles against a wide array of potential threats. Just as advancements in technology have expanded the capabilities of connected vehicles, so too must the security measures evolve to keep pace with emerging risks and vulnerabilities. Through a comprehensive approach that encompasses both digital and physical security measures, vehicles can continue to provide a comfortable and safe driving experience for all, with Seat Covers Unlimited serving as a testament to the multifaceted nature of vehicle security.

Intelligent Network Slicing for V2X Services Toward 5G

January 4, 2023/in Publikasi /by Informatika

Intelligent Network Slicing for V2X Services Toward 5G

by Jie Mei, Xianbin Wang, Kan Zheng

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

Benefiting from the widely deployed LTE infrastructures, 5G wireless networks are becoming a critical enabler for the emerging V2X communications. However, existing LTE networks cannot efficiently support stringent but dynamic requirements of V2X services. One effective solution to overcome this challenge is network slicing, whereby different services could be supported by logically separated networks. To mitigate the increasing complexity of network slicing in 5G, we propose to leverage the recent advancement of Machine Learning (ML) technologies for automated network operation. Specifically, we propose intelligent network slicing architecture for V2X services, where network functions and multi-dimensional network resources are virtualized and assigned to different network slices. In achieving optimized slicing intelligently, several critical techniques, including mobile data collection and the design of an ML algorithm, are discussed to tackle the related challenges. Then, we develop a simulation platform to illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed intelligent network slicing. With the integration of 5G network slicing and ML technologies, the QoS of V2X services is expected to be dramatically enhanced.

Modeling higher order adaptivity of a network by multilevel network reification

January 4, 2023/in Publikasi /by Informatika

Modeling higher order adaptivity of a network by multilevel network reification

by Jan Treur

Cambridge University Press (CUP)

In network models for real-world domains, often network adaptation has to be addressed by incorporating certain network adaptation principles. In some cases, also higher order adaptation occurs: the adaptation principles themselves also change over time. To model such multilevel adaptation processes, it is useful to have some generic architecture. Such an architecture should describe and distinguish the dynamics within the network (base level), but also the dynamics of the network itself by certain adaptation principles (first-order adaptation level), and also the adaptation of these adaptation principles (second-order adaptation level), and may be still more levels of higher order adaptation. This paper introduces a multilevel network architecture for this, based on the notion network reification. Reification of a network occurs when a base network is extended by adding explicit states representing the characteristics of the structure of the base network. It will be shown how this construction can be used to explicitly represent network adaptation principles within a network. When the reified network is itself also reified, also second-order adaptation principles can be explicitly represented. The multilevel network reification construction introduced here is illustrated for an adaptive adaptation principle from social science for bonding based on homophily and one for metaplasticity in Cognitive Neuroscience.

On Multi-Domain Network Slicing Orchestration Architecture and Federated Resource Control

January 4, 2023/in Publikasi /by Informatika

On Multi-Domain Network Slicing Orchestration Architecture and Federated Resource Control

by Tarik Taleb, Ibrahim Afolabi, Konstantinos Samdanis, Faqir Zarrar Yousaf

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

A sophisticated and efficient network slicing architecture is needed to support the orchestration of network slices across multiple administrative domains. Such multi-domain architecture shall be agnostic of the underlying virtualization and network infrastructure technologies. Its objective is to extend the traditional orchestration, management and control capabilities by means of models and constructs in order to form a well-stitched composition of network slices. To facilitate such a composition of networking and compute/storage resources, this article introduces a management and orchestration architecture that incorporates Software Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) components to the basic 3GPP network slice management. The proposed architecture is broadly divided into four major strata, namely the Multi-domain Service Conductor Stratum, Domain-specific Fully- Fledged Orchestration Stratum, Sub-Domain MANO and Connectivity Stratum, and Logical Multi-domain Slice Instance stratum. Each of these strata is described in detail, providing the fundamental operational specifics for instantiating and managing the resulting federated network slices.

Secure V2X Communication Network based on Intelligent PKI and Edge Computing

January 4, 2023/in Publikasi /by Informatika

Secure V2X Communication Network based on Intelligent PKI and Edge Computing

by Han Qiu, Meikang Qiu, Ruqian Lu

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

The current remarkable development of communication technology is enabling the intelligent driving system by providing a V2X network to exchange and process transportation data. However, security, as a fundamental requirement, is still lacking in many aspects of current V2X networks. For V2X networks, low latency, as a critical requirement for V2X networks, restrains usage of traditional security functions as security related operations like Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) systems also introduce latency. In this article, we propose an efficient scheme by intelligently distributing keys for authentication in V2X networks. The general design is to distribute key pairs valid according to the location information for vehicles and RoadSide Units (RSUs). Thus, based on this authentication scheme relying on location information, keys can be pre-distributed according to the vehicles’ future locations. Also, we propose to use the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) to predict the future route and locations which can let the key requests started from the vehicles’ ends. The key idea is to provide an intelligent and efficient key distribution protocol for V2X networks. Some experimental results prove the efficiency with evaluations on our proposal compared with the existing solution.

Label-less Learning for Traffic Control in an Edge Network

January 4, 2023/in Publikasi /by Informatika

Label-less Learning for Traffic Control in an Edge Network

by Min Chen, Yixue Hao, Kai Lin, Zhiyong Yuan, Long Hu

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

With the development of intelligent applications (e.g., self-driving, real-time emotion recognition), there are higher requirements for cloud intelligence. However, cloud intelligence depends on the multi-modal data collected by user equipments (UEs). Due to the limited capacity of network bandwidth, offloading all data generated from the UEs to the remote cloud is impractical. Thus, in this article, we consider the challenging issue of achieving a certain level of cloud intelligence while reducing network traffic. In order to solve this problem, we design a traffic control algorithm based on label-less learning on the edge cloud, which is dubbed LLTC. By use of the limited computing and storage resources at the edge cloud, LLTC evaluates the value of data that will be offloaded. Specifically, we first give a statement of the problem and the system architecture. Then we design the LLTC algorithm in detail. Finally, we set up the system testbed. Experimental results show that the proposed LLTC can guarantee the required cloud intelligence while minimizing the amount of data transmission.

AI-Driven Zero Touch Network and Service Management in 5G and Beyond: Challenges and Research Directions

January 4, 2023/in Publikasi /by Informatika

AI-Driven Zero Touch Network and Service Management in 5G and Beyond: Challenges and Research Directions

by Chafika Benzaid, Tarik Taleb

Journal of Network and Computer Applications

The foreseen complexity in operating and managing 5G and beyond networks has propelled the trend toward closed-loop automation of network and service management operations. To this end, the ETSI Zero-touch network and Service Management (ZSM) framework is envisaged as a next-generation management system that aims to have all operational processes and tasks executed automatically, ideally with 100 percent automation. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is envisioned as a key enabler of self-managing capabilities, resulting in lower operational costs, accelerated time-tovalue and reduced risk of human error. Nevertheless, the growing enthusiasm for leveraging AI in a ZSM system should not overlook the potential limitations and risks of using AI techniques. The current paper aims to introduce the ZSM concept and point out the AI-based limitations and risks that need to be addressed in order to make ZSM a reality.

Distributed learning of deep neural network over multiple agents

January 4, 2023/in Publikasi /by Informatika

Distributed learning of deep neural network over multiple agents

Authors: Otkrist Gupta, Ramesh Raskar

Journal of Network and Computer Applications

In domains such as health care and finance, shortage of labeled data and computational resources is a critical issue while developing machine learning algorithms. To address the issue of labeled data scarcity in training and deployment of neural network-based systems, we propose a new technique to train deep neural networks over several data sources. Our method allows for deep neural networks to be trained using data from multiple entities in a distributed fashion. We evaluate our algorithm on existing datasets and show that it obtains performance which is similar to a regular neural network trained on a single machine. We further extend it to incorporate semi-supervised learning when training with few labeled samples, and analyze any security concerns that may arise. Our algorithm paves the way for distributed training of deep neural networks in data sensitive applications when raw data may not be shared directly.

5G Radio Network Design for Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication

January 4, 2023/in Publikasi /by Informatika

5G Radio Network Design for Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication

Authors:
Joachim Sachs, Gustav Wikstrom, Torsten Dudda, Robert Baldemair, Kittipong Kittichokechai

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

5G is currently being standardized and addresses, among other things, new URLLC services. These are characterized by the need to support reliable communication, where successful data transmission can be guaranteed within low latency bounds, like 1 ms, at a low failure rate. This article describes the functionality of both the NR and LTE radio interfaces to provide URLLC services. Achievable latency bounds are evaluated, and the expected spectral efficiency is demonstrated. It is shown that both NR and LTE can fulfill the ITU 5G requirements on URLLC; however, this comes at the cost of reduced spectral efficiency compared to mobile broadband services without latency or reliability constraints. Still, the impact on the overall network performance is expected to be moderate.

References

1.

J. Sachs et al., “Machine-Type Communications”, 5G Mobile and Wireless Communications Technology, 2016, [online] Available: www.cambridge.org/9781107130098, ISBN 9781107130098.

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2.

Minimum Requirements Related to Technical Performance for IMT-2020 Radio Interface(s), Feb. 2017.

Satellite-5G Integration: A Network Perspective

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